Coordinating conjunctions (und, aber, oder)
Coordinating conjunctions (und, aber, oder)
Same word order as a simple sentence
Conjunctions like und, aber, oder, denn do not push the verb to the end:
- Ich gehe und du bleibst.
- Er ist müde, denn er hat wenig geschlafen.
sondern
not … but: Ich will nicht Tee, sondern Kaffee.
Contrast
weil / dass = subclause → verb last. und / aber = two main-clause patterns.
Practical Examples
- German: Ich mag Kaffee und Tee.
English: I like coffee and tea. Note: 'und' connects two similar items (nouns) that are both liked.
- German: Er liest ein Buch und hört Musik.
English: He reads a book and listens to music. Note: 'und' connects two actions performed by the same person.
- German: Hast du einen Bruder und eine Schwester?
English: Do you have a brother and a sister? Note: 'und' connects two items in a question, asking if both are present.
- German: Das Wetter ist schön, aber es ist kalt.
English: The weather is nice, but it is cold. Note: 'aber' introduces a contrast or an unexpected element.
- German: Ich spreche Deutsch, aber ich spreche kein Französisch.
English: I speak German, but I don't speak French. Note: 'aber' shows a contrast between what is true and what is not.
- German: Ist das Buch interessant, aber schwer zu lesen?
English: Is the book interesting, but difficult to read? Note: 'aber' can also be used in questions to ask about contrasting qualities.
- German: Möchtest du Wasser oder Saft?
English: Would you like water or juice? Note: 'oder' offers a choice between two options.
- German: Gehen wir ins Kino oder bleiben wir zu Hause?
English: Shall we go to the cinema or stay at home? Note: 'oder' offers a choice between two actions.
- German: Ist das dein Auto oder das Auto deines Freundes?
English: Is that your car or your friend's car? Note: 'oder' asks to identify which of two options is correct.
- German: Ich habe kein Geld und keine Zeit.
English: I have no money and no time. Note: 'und' connects two negative statements or items when both are absent.
- German: Sie ist nicht müde, aber sie möchte schlafen.
English: She is not tired, but she wants to sleep. Note: 'aber' can introduce a contrasting desire or action despite a stated condition.
- German: Isst du heute Pizza oder nicht Pasta?
English: Are you eating pizza today or not pasta? Note: 'oder' can connect a positive option with a negative one, asking for a choice.
- German: Das Haus ist groß und modern.
English: The house is big and modern. Note: 'und' connects two positive adjectives describing the same noun.
- German: Der Film ist langweilig, aber die Schauspieler sind gut.
English: The film is boring, but the actors are good. Note: 'aber' highlights a contrast between different aspects of a situation.
- German: Ist der Kaffee heiß oder kalt?
English: Is the coffee hot or cold? Note: 'oder' asks for a choice between two contrasting qualities.
