Relative pronoun agrees with antecedent

• Der Mann, der dort steht, …
• Die Idee, die ich meine, …

Dative in relative clause

Dem Mann, dem ich helfe, …

Practical Examples

1. Der Mann, der dort steht, ist mein Bruder.

• The man who is standing there is my brother.
• Usage Note: "der" is the nominative masculine relative pronoun, referring to "Der Mann". The verb "steht" is at the end of the relative clause.

1. Die Frau, die ein rotes Kleid trägt, ist meine Lehrerin.

• The woman who is wearing a red dress is my teacher.
• Usage Note: "die" is the nominative feminine relative pronoun, referring to "Die Frau".

1. Das Buch, das auf dem Tisch liegt, gehört mir.

• The book that is lying on the table belongs to me.
• Usage Note: "das" is the nominative neuter relative pronoun, referring to "Das Buch".

1. Die Kinder, die im Garten spielen, sind sehr laut.

• The children who are playing in the garden are very loud.
• Usage Note: "die" is the nominative plural relative pronoun, referring to "Die Kinder".

1. Der Film, den wir gestern gesehen haben, war sehr spannend.

• The film that we saw yesterday was very exciting.
• Usage Note: "den" is the accusative masculine relative pronoun because "der Film" is the direct object of "gesehen haben" within the relative clause.

1. Ich suche die Tasche, die du mir geliehen hast.

• I'm looking for the bag that you lent me.
• Usage Note: "die" is the accusative feminine relative pronoun because "die Tasche" is the direct object of "geliehen hast".

1. Das ist das Restaurant, in dem wir letztes Jahr gegessen haben.

• This is the restaurant in which we ate last year.
• Usage Note: "in dem" combines the preposition "in" with the dative neuter relative pronoun "dem", as "das Restaurant" is the location (dative) for the action.

1. Die Freunde, mit denen ich ins Kino gehe, kommen gleich.

• The friends with whom I'm going to the cinema are coming soon.
• Usage Note: "mit denen" combines the preposition "mit" (always dative) with the dative plural relative pronoun "denen", referring to "Die Freunde".

1. Kennst du den Mann, dem ich das Buch gegeben habe?

• Do you know the man to whom I gave the book?
• Usage Note: "dem" is the dative masculine relative pronoun because "der Mann" is the indirect object of "gegeben habe" (giving to someone).

1. Das ist die Frau, deren Hund immer bellt.

• That is the woman whose dog always barks.
• Usage Note: "deren" is the genitive feminine relative pronoun, indicating possession ("the dog of the woman").

1. Die Stadt, in der ich aufgewachsen bin, ist sehr schön.

• The city in which I grew up is very beautiful.
• Usage Note: "in der" combines the preposition "in" with the dative feminine relative pronoun "der", as "die Stadt" is the location (dative).

1. Ich habe das Auto verkauft, das ich vor fünf Jahren gekauft hatte.

• I sold the car that I had bought five years ago.
• Usage Note: "das" is the accusative neuter relative pronoun because "das Auto" is the direct object of "gekauft hatte".

1. Die Aufgaben, die wir erledigen müssen, sind sehr komplex.

• The tasks that we have to complete are very complex.
• Usage Note: "die" is the accusative plural relative pronoun because "die Aufgaben" are the direct object of "erledigen müssen".

1. Er ist der Kollege, dessen Computer kaputt ist.

• He is the colleague whose computer is broken.
• Usage Note: "dessen" is the genitive masculine relative pronoun, indicating possession ("the computer of the colleague").

1. Wir haben die E-Mail nicht erhalten, die du uns geschickt hast.

• We did not receive the email that you sent us.
• Usage Note: "die" is the accusative feminine relative pronoun because "die E-Mail" is the direct object of "geschickt hast". This example also includes a negation in the main clause.